Nathan White is a Department of Defense Civilian Research Fellow with the Center for Complex Operations (CCO) at National Defense University and a PhD candidate at King’s College London. This paper draws extensively on the author’s doctoral research and research conducted by the author and his colleagues within the CCO Lessons Learned program. The paper also benefits from feedback by Dr. Richard Hooker, Dr. Joseph Collins, Mr. Bernie Carreau, Ms. Sara Thannhauser, Mr. Maxwell Kelly, Mr. Michael Davies, COL Joel Rayburn, and others who have asked to go unnamed. The issues discussed continue to be hotly debated and therefore the conclusions drawn are the author’s alone and do not necessarily represent the views of the reviewers or the U.S. Department of Defense.
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