Rethinking Army Special Operation Forces-Department of State Partnership in Europe
By Major Anthony Wertz and Major Stuart Gallagher
To achieve its theater-strategic goals and counter Russian aggression despite ongoing fiscal constraints, the United States Government (USG) must consciously increase its U.S. interagency and whole-of-government efforts specifically by augmenting U.S. Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF) and Department of State (DoS) collaboration in the European Command (EUCOM) area of responsibility. Both European Union (EU) and U.S. leadership recognize Russia as the greatest security threat confronting Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In response, NATO countries and the U.S. have increased defense spending, but capacity gaps will continue to remain in the near future. These gaps relate to both fiscal austerity and Russia’s recent unconventional approaches to warfare. Fostering European reassurance and collective defense, EUCOM is in prime position to exploit long-standing interagency and partner relationships towards strategic ends. Moreover, it is an opportunity to truly implement a whole-of-government approach, which is so often touted, but so rarely employed. Through specialized interagency training, a focus on foreign internal defense (FID), and enhanced strategic communications, and increased collaboration between ARSOF and DoS are and will continue to be essential to countering Russian aggression and achieving lasting European collective security.
The Contemporary European Strategic Environment
Gradual post-Cold War defense budget reductions[1] exacerbated by decreased economic growth after the 2008 global recession[2] left European and NATO countries unprepared to respond to Russian aggression. Since 2008, Russia increasingly demonstrated power projection by successively fighting a war in Georgia, invading eastern Ukraine, and occupying Iranian bases for Syrian operations. Foreign policy experts from Europe finally took notice in 2014 when they began discussing the Russian unconventional threat showcased in Crimea. Subsequently, EUCOM’s revised theater strategy named Russia’s conventional, irregular, and asymmetric warfare efforts against Europe as the largest of six strategic challenges.[3] The mutual U.S. – European concerns center on Russia’s operational concept known as “New Generation Warfare” (NGW).
Russian New Generation Warfare uses a synchronized whole-of-society effort to influence targeted populations (Fig. 1). First introduced on February26, 2013, by the chief of the Russian General Staff, General Valery Gerasimov, “The doctrine appeals to the adaptive use of conventional (military) and especially non-conventional employment of military and non-military means in pursuit of political objectives. This ‘new way of war’ and its asymmetrical means bypasses or even neutralizes the Western military capacities and exploits vulnerabilities of Western societies.”[4] By applying deception, psychological and information operations early on, “Russia creates a curtain of ambiguity that obscures reality and hinders calculated NATO response.”[5] Ultimately, New Generation Warfare’s goal is to create strategic division amid collective NATO and European security interests, eventually enticing European countries into a new Russian alliance.[6] The strategic implications of successful New Generation Warfare campaigns conducted by the Russian Federation have forced European leadership to take notice inspiring reactionary measures across the whole of Europe.
Figure 1. Graph of the Gerasimov doctrine (Source: Military Review, January-February 2016, p.35. [7]
Fourteen of the 29 NATO countries have increased their defense budgets since Russia’s 2014 Crimean campaign.[8] Though larger budgets seem to demonstrate a renewed resolve towards collective defense, inflation and fluctuating exchange rates did not allow the stated increases to produce actual budget growth by 2020.[9] Despite the various initiatives taken by the Trump administration to force NATO countries to increase their respective contributions to the alliance, the extrapolation indicates that NATO and Europe as a whole may still fail to achieve their own strategic defense in the short term.
Conversely, the U.S. plan included overall resource increases for European collective security. EUCOM requested an annual budget increase of $2.6 billion for 2017;[10] however their diplomatic counterparts in the DoS /U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs projected a $193.3 million budget decrease for the same period.[11] Thus, “dedicated resources to remain decisively engaged with European allies…partners [and] interagency partners” is a chief Combatant Command (COCOM) concern.[12]
In the short term, it appears that the U.S. and NATO prepared a traditional military response to Russian NGW that only compounded New Generation Warfare’s effects. New Generation Warfare uses all instruments of national power (Diplomacy, Information, Military, and Economic) to specifically avoid conventional military confrontation and to exploit the Western preference for military restraint.[13] Western restraint combined with a post-Cold War reluctance to engage in political warfare[14] provides strategic space for Russia to fracture NATO by exploiting public fears of defensive instability.[15] Thus, EUCOM needs an immediate strategic solution to preserve NATO’s collective security. Intensifying ARSOF and DoS cooperation while more effectively leveraging FID throughout Europe is that solution.
U.S. Current Foreign Internal Defense Policy and Capability
“[Foreign Internal Defense or] FID refers to the U.S. activities that support a [host nation’s internal defense and development (IDAD)] strategy designed to protect against subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to their security.”[16] The U.S. plans FID support to a country if: “the existing or threatened internal disorder threatens U.S. national strategic goals;” “the threatened nation is capable of effectively using US assistance;” and “the threatened nation requests U.S. assistance.”[17] These defined criteria clarify eligibility for U.S. FID support to Europe, especially in the eastern countries most vulnerable to NGW.[18]
The Department of State is the lead agency for the U.S. FID mission; they advise foreign policy formulation with respect to designating the countries that receive FID support.[19] More importantly, each U.S. Ambassador is responsible to direct and supervise all FID programs within their particular country. Political-Military Officers manage the FID programs. Indirect support includes security assistance (SA), exchange programs, and joint/multinational exercises, while direct support (short of combat) includes civil-military operations (CMO), military information support operations (MISO), military training, logistic support, and intelligence cooperation.[20] The Public Affairs Office (PAO) supports FID through public diplomacy campaigns.
Similarly, ARSOF receive specific FID training. Special Forces (SF) perform SA, lead joint/multinational exercises, and can contribute to intelligence cooperation; they partner with allied SOF and conventional forces with POL-MIL officer oversight. Civil Affairs (CA) forces are responsible for all CMO; they enhance USAID development operations and maintain buy-in with local populations. Psychological Operations (PO) forces execute MISO; under the embassy PAO’s supervision, the defense support to public diplomacy (DSPD) mission ensures synchronized messages convey U.S. government (USG)-partner nation intent.[21] All three ARSOF branches contribute to partner military training, exchange programs, and logistics support. Given their complimentary FID capabilities, ARSOF and DoS collaboration must be augmented in the strategic effort to counter and deter Russian aggression.
ARSOF and DoS: A Strategic Solution
In EUCOM’s case, in order to optimize ARSOF capabilities, ARSOF must have enduring representation on the Country Team allowing ARSOF personnel 36-month embassy tours in the European countries that are most vulnerable to New Generation Warfare. This action would build rapport between ARSOF and DoS, provide an ARSOF touchstone to DoS and promote continuity of ARSOF-DoS missions throughout the area of responsibility. This solution demands EUCOM attention as the current practice limits ARSOF to six-month embassy tours. [22] ARSOF’s temporary embassy status limits the overall U.S. interagency effort, perpetuating disjointed FID efforts ultimately resulting in the application of short-term planning methodologies to long-term campaign plans. The lack of long-term strategic planning reinforces New Generation Warfare efforts, as USG actions that contradict allied message campaigns delegitimize the U.S. effort and confirm New Generation Warfare messaging. ARSOF’s permanent placement on Country Teams would significantly contribute to the U.S. interagency effort, strengthening FID support and helping to synchronize strategic communication. However, in order for this concept to work, it would need to be underwritten by both DOD and DoS senior leadership to include the individual Ambassadors. As challenging as this may sound, it is not an impossible ask when one considers the detailee program presently employed across the national capital region (NCR). This program places military officers from all the military branches in key positions throughout the interagency for multi-year assignments. This program could serve as a model for the embassies throughout the EUCOM footprint.
An embassy’s Country Team is the focal point for the U.S. interagency abroad. The Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (EUR) oversees 85 diplomatic posts that provide crucial interagency placement to support partner nation defense across Europe;[23] there are six posts in the six countries most vulnerable to New Generation Warfare [Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine].[24] Thus, EUCOM could start by leveraging its personal relationships with the U.S. Ambassadors in those six countries to afford ARSOF the same level of access. EUCOM’s securing U.S. Ambassador approval to lengthen ARSOF tours would yield a multitude of positive outcomes across the whole of Europe.
The greatest strategic benefit results from ARSOF’s specific training for SOF campaign planning that directly translates to the interagency. SOF campaigns integrate and synchronize all available interagency and partner capabilities in support of collective interests;[25] this means that when ARSOF teams or representatives arrive at an embassy, they are prepared to build partnerships towards strategic goals. In effect, ARSOF would serve as multilateral liaisons increasing embassy capacity to generate a true whole-of-government effort within the U.S. interagency.[26] Because legislation authorizes such ARSOF activity, the resulting interagency synergy provides policymakers with an acceptable and effective alternative to engaging in political warfare.
Mutual ARSOF and DoS expertise maximizes foreign internal defense program effectiveness by identifying the most critical partner-nation capability gaps that require support. Campaign planning proficiency improves the joint ARSOF-DoS ability to build long-term defense support plans; they achieve this with a uniting approach. First, theater-strategic goals are fused with DoS’s Integrated Country Strategy (ICS) [27] in support of defense. ARSOF and DoS jointly leverage their long-standing partner military and governmental relationships to integrate the partner’s strategic goals. ARSOF and DoS then recruit relevant U.S. agencies to augment the unified plan. The resulting FID campaign plan demonstrates a true whole-of-government effort to achieve strategic goals. In Europe, the country-specific campaign actions will directly combat Russia’s New Generation Warfare without direct military confrontation, while effectively eroding NGW’s legitimacy. Further, synchronized campaign actions can strengthen Europe by aligning with allied strategic messaging efforts.
The support to strategic communication is perhaps the greatest short-term strategic benefit. Russia counts on disjointed strategic communication or conflicting messages and actions to solidify New Generation Warfare’s influence in targeted populations. ARSOF’s synchronizing contribution to each embassy’s country-specific campaign plan helps to immediately combat New Generation Warfare’s propaganda by presenting a cohesive allied effort against Russia. In effect, EUCOM, embassy, and partner government actions and messages would echo one another, thereby bolstering the civil population’s trust in their security.
Finally, a permanent ARSOF embassy presence provides ancillary benefits that have positive strategic impacts. Concerning manpower, extra embassy personnel with military experience increase the embassy’s capacity for immediate response to strategic contingencies. In the constrained fiscal environment, 36-month ARSOF tours pool resources to support diplomacy rather than burdening the DoS budget. In sum, gaining Ambassador approval for ARSOF permanency on the Country Team strategically leverages the interagency towards collective European defense.
Possible Opposition to ARSOF-DOS Integration and Collaboration
New Generation Warfare showcases Russia’s whole-of-society approach to modern political warfare. If EUCOM’s solution only focuses on ARSOF-DoS cooperation, one may suggest that it will fail as it does not guarantee inclusion of all instruments of national power. Hence any initiative will require full USG endorsement. Additionally, ARSOF and DoS suffer from deep-rooted cultural differences that could undermine such cooperation.[28] Further, some may argue that a formal USG interagency mechanism is necessary to force a whole-of-government solution. The Obama Administration’s Presidential Decision Directive-23 (PDD-23) was one such mechanism. PDD-23 mandated a “deliberate and inclusive whole-of-government approach” to improve U.S. security assistance abroad through regionally-aligned interagency policy coherence.[29] Other existing mechanisms include joint interagency control groups (JIACG) and task forces (JIATF) that EUCOM’s senior DoS representative, the Civilian Deputy to the Commander/Political Advisor, could establish.[30]
Though an all-encompassing mechanism may force collaboration, it would take some time to enact. PDD-23 already exists, but historical presidential efforts to increase interagency collaboration were not adopted beneath the Principal Committee level after years of implementation; nor did they transcend presidential administrations.[31] Likewise, JIACGs and JIATFs prove very effective, but they are short-term constructs with limited authority.[32] To suggest that ARSOF and DoS cannot effectively coordinate and align all instruments of national power discounts the myriad agencies hosted on the Country Team. Finally, the simple act of making ARSOF permanent Country Team members fosters professional understanding and respect, naturally erasing organizational biases.[33] Indeed, ARSOF’s support to FID is the most critical capability not permanently housed within U.S. Embassies, hence lengthening ARSOF tours to support DoS efforts over the long-term is the quickest, most lasting efficiency to achieve U.S. strategic ends in Europe.
Conclusion
As so recently and continuously demonstrated, Russia’s New Generation Warfare approach to strategically fracture NATO will likely continue to endure into the foreseeable future. In the Russian mind, this has approach has been as effective as it has efficient. As such, senior USG leadership must act quickly to preserve NATO and secure Europe’s collective defense. Posting ARSOF personnel on 36-month embassy rotations provides numerous benefits to DoS that can directly contribute to the accomplishment of EUCOM’s theater-strategic goals: enhanced whole-of-government campaigns counter Russian aggression on the unconventional battlefield of Russia’s own choosing; FID support increases partner self-defense capacity and strengthens the collective allied defense; and unified strategic communication relieves vulnerable populations of the psychological pressure Russia seeks to impose. If an ARSOF-supported, whole-of-government FID campaign successfully counters New Generation Warfare in the short-term, it has the propensity to deter New Generation Warfare in the long-term. Successful Russian deterrence further allows allies to shift more attention towards other European strategic threats. Moving to counteract New Generation Warfare and strengthen NATO communicates U.S. and European strategic resolve towards Russian aggression while simultaneously forcing Russia to think twice about future expansionism and question their intentional persistent disregard international norms.
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policies or positions of the U.S. Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.
[1] “Chapter 4: Europe,” The Military Balance 116, no.1 (2016; repr., (TSDM Strategies 5-2 EUCOM) U.S. Naval War College, National Security Affairs Department, Newport, RI: USNWC 2016), 55.
[2] Ibid. Kristin Archick, “The European Union: Current Challenges and Future Prospects,” Congressional Research Service Report (2016; repr., (TSDM Strategies 6-5 EUCOM) U.S. Naval War College, National Security Affairs Department, Newport, RI: USNWC 2016), 5.
[3] Commanding General, U.S. EUCOM, United States European Command Theater Strategy, (Stuttgart, Germany: CG, U.S. EUCOM, October 2015), 5.
[4] E.H.F. Donkersloot, “Hybrid Threats from the East.” Militaire Spectator (22 September 2017): accessed 4 February 2021, https://www.militairespectator.nl/thema/strategie/artikel/hybrid-threats-east
[5] Ibid
[6] Commanding General, U.S. EUCOM, United States European Command Theater Strategy, (Stuttgart, Germany: CG, U.S. EUCOM, October 2015), 5.
[7] Charles K. Bartles, “Getting Gerasimov Right,” Military Review, (January-February 2016): 35.
[8] “Chapter 4: Europe,” The Military Balance, 60.
[9] Ibid., 63.
[10] Luis Simon, “US Leadership and NATO: Balancing Priorities in America’s European Strategy,” Parameters 46, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 22-23, accessed 24 August 2016, http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/issues/Spring_2016/5_Simon.pdf.
[11]Secretary of State, Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Fiscal Year 2016, (Washington, DC: SECSTATE, 2 February 2015): 161-182, accessed 19 September 2016, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/236395.pdf; Secretary of State, Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Fiscal Year 2017, (Washington, DC: SECSTATE, 9 February 2016): 173-195, accessed 19 September 2016, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/252179.pdf.
[12] U.S. EUCOM, United States European Command Theater Strategy, 9.
[13] Martin N. Murphy, Ph.D., “Understanding Russia’s Concept for Total War in Europe,” Special Report, no. 184 (12 September 2016): 1, 10, accessed 26 September 2016, www.heritage.org/research/2016/understanding-russias-concept-for-total-war-in-eurpoe.
[14] U.S. Army Special Operations Command, SOF Support to Political Warfare White Paper, (Fort Bragg, NC: Headquarters USASOC, 10 March 2015), 3.
[15] Hanna Shelest, “Hybrid War and the Eastern Partnership: Waiting for a Correlation,” Turkish Policy Quarterly 14, no.3 (Fall 2015): 46, accessed 26 September 2016, www.turkishpolicy.com/files/articlepdf/hybrid-war-the-eastern-partnership-waiting-for-a-correlation_en_6878.pdf.
[16] Chairman, U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, Foreign Internal Defense, Joint Publication (JP) 3-22, (Washington, DC: CJCS, 12 July 2010), I-2.
[17] Ibid., III-2.
[18] Hanna Shelest, “Hybrid War and the Eastern Partnership: Waiting for a Correlation,” 46. Eastern Partnership states include those former Soviet Bloc states on the Eastern European periphery: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine.
[19] CJCS, Foreign Internal Defense, JP 3-22, III-3.
[20] Ibid., I-8.
[21] Commanding General, U.S. EUCOM, “U.S. European Command Posture Statement 2016,” (speech transcript; Stuttgart, Germany: CG, USEUCOM, 25 February 2016): 34, accessed 23 August 2016, www.eucom.mil/media-library/article/35164/u-s-european-command-posture-statement-2016. The COCOM’s 2017 ERI request for Information Operations (IO) authorities would allow PO to directly counter adversary IO and propaganda.
[22] MAJ Kevin E. Smith, “U.S. Army Psychological Operations Soldiers: Best Suited for U.S. Diplomatic Posts Overseas and NSDD-38 Inclusion,” Special Warfare 27, no. 4 (October – December 2014): 20-21, accessed 25 August 2016, https://www.dvidshub.net/publication/issues/23399.
[23] Embassies, Consulates, and Diplomatic Missions, Europe-Eurasia, U.S. Embassy.gov, accessed 17 September 2016, https://www.usembassy.gov/europe.html.
[24] Hanna Shelest, “Hybrid War and the Eastern Partnership: Waiting for a Correlation,” 46. The Eastern Partnership States form Europe’s eastern border and include Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine; they are Russia’s short-term NGW focus.
[25] Commanding General, USASOC, ARSOF Operating Concept 2022, (Fort Bragg, NC: Headquarters, USASOC, 26 September 2014), ii.
[26] Stanley Brown, “Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement,” Lecture, Department of State Headquarters, Washington, DC: 30 September 2016. It is important to note that American Embassies can host up to 32 different USG agencies in support of partner nations, depending on the embassy’s size and the partner nation’s problem set.
[27] U.S. Department of State, Integrated Country Strategy: Guidance & Instructions, (Washington, DC: DOS): 3, accessed 30 September 2016, www.pdf.usaid.gov/pdf-docs/PBAAA879.pdf.
[28] Shoon Murray and Anthony Quainton, “Combatant Commanders, Ambassadorial Authority, and the Conduct of Diplomacy,” in Mission Creep: The Militarization of US Foreign Policy?, ed. Gordon Adams and Shoon Murray (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2014), 182-185.
[29] The White House Office of the Press Secretary, Fact Sheet: U.S. Security Sector Assistance Policy, (Washington, DC: The Press Office, 5 April 2013): 2, accessed 17 September 2016, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/04/05/fact-sheet-us-security-sector-assistance-policy.
[30] CJCS, Foreign Internal Defense, JP 3-22, III-8.
[31] National Security Council, PDD/NSC 56: Managing Complex Contingency Operations, (May 1997): 1-2, accessed 17 September 2016, https://fas.org/irp/ofdocs/pdd56.htm. Before PDD-23, The Clinton Administration’s PDD-56 ordered U.S. interagency-collective training to improve complex contingency operations management. President Clinton enacted PDD-56 because complex situations “may require multi-dimensional operations composed of…political/ diplomatic, humanitarian, intelligence, economic development, and security [components].”
[32] Nikolas Gvosdev, Issues with the Interagency and Theater Security, (2016: 3rd rev., John Cloud (TSDM Policy 8-1) U.S. Naval War College, National Security Affairs Department, Newport, RI: USNWC 2016), 10.
[33] COL Eric P. Wendt, “The Green Beret Volckmann Program: Maximizing the Prevent Strategy,” Special Warfare 28, no. 3 (July-September 2015): 15, accessed 25 August 2016, https://www.dvids.net/publication/issues/26508.
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98% Crypto investment advert are not real, i got scammed on cryptonator, many hackers testimony are false, i did a serious research on hacker that could do a job for me, it was very important so I needed a strong hacker for my job. I came across several reviews but I figured ''WIZARDHARRY (@) programmer (.) net'' for doing similar jobs that I needed. I decided to give Wizard Harry on WhatsAPP the job, he gave me 72 hours to wait for results and then he came in. I was more surprised when I confirmed my funds on my wallet, he is the most accurate hacker for hire in my opinion. You should use him instead.
What
sApp
(+1)
606
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98% Crypto investment advert…
98% Crypto investment advert are not real, i got scammed on cryptonator, many hackers testimony are false, i did a serious research on hacker that could do a job for me, it was very important so I needed a strong hacker for my job. I came across several reviews but I figured ''WIZARDHARRY (@) programmer (.) net'' for doing similar jobs that I needed. I decided to give Wizard Harry on WhatsAPP the job, he gave me 72 hours to wait for results and then he came in. I was more surprised when I confirmed my funds on my wallet, he is the most accurate hacker for hire in my opinion. You should use him instead.
What
sApp
(+1)
606
767
6232
Hello, are you having trust…
Hello, are you having trust issues with your spouse for a work partner and you would want to hack their devices and keep track of their conversation? Look no further because with ([email protected]) your problem is solved
They also offer the following services
-increase credit card limit
-upgrading school results
-recovering of lost emails and email password
-Recovery of lost BTC, Wallet and password etc.
I assure you they give the best services just trust the process. Contact them (Franciscohack(@)qualityservice.com)
VIBER (+34 632 325 218)
Telegram (+34 632 325 218) Username @Franciscohacker)
I'm recommending one of the…
I'm recommending one of the best and most reliable cryptocurrency recovery services, Cyberwallfire Recovery Team ( Cyberwallfire@techie. com )
I lost my hard-earned money on a fake website claiming high returns on my investment after I had invested through crypto within the space of a month. I couldn’t gain access to my capital and profits.
After many days of searching and looking for a way to recover my money, a colleague at work told me about the Cyberwallfire recovery team, I was skeptical about it but I had to give it a try and to my surprise, all my money was recovered in 72 hours. I’m more than happy with the service of Cyberwallfire in helping me recover my money. Their contact information is ( cyberwallfire@techie. com )
RECOVERYBUREAU @ CONSULTANT …
RECOVERYBUREAU @ CONSULTANT . C0M is the best cryptocurrency/fund recovery and mobile phone cloning agency to help you remotely spy your suspected cheating spouse mobile devices
I was a victim of bitcoin scam, I saw a glamorous review showering praises and marketing an investment firm. I reached out to them on what their contracts are, and I invested $155,000 which I was promised to get my first 15% profit in weeks, when it was time to get my profits, I got to know the company was a scam. They kept asking me to invest more and I ran out of patience and requested to have my money back and they refused to answer nor refund my funds. . I heard about Recovery Bureau from a golf partner that used his services already and I decided to reach out to him. After explaining my situation and complaints to him, he was swift and took action and within 28 hours he got back my funds back with the due profit. I urge someone in a similar situation to reach out to Recovery Bureau on their support email: [email protected]. They are reliable, trustworthy, affordable and provides excellent services.
They offer other services
Mobile phone hacking/cloning
Spying and monitoring a suspected cheating spouse
Cryptocurrency loan and insurance
Private key reset
Fixing compromised and locked crypto wallets
Files Recovery and so on.
Email: RECOVERYBUREAU @ CONSULTANT . C0M
RECOVERYBUREAUC @ GMAIL C0M
Regards
Anyone who is not familiar…
Anyone who is not familiar with cryptocurrency trading is urged to proceed with great caution or stay away from it completely. I was brainwashed into thinking that investing a chunk of my life savings on a forex platform would increase my profits. Due to this devious plan, I lost nearly 530,000 USD. After making investments and building up profits, I was unable to access my supposed profits. I tried contacting customer service, but they weren’t reachable. At that point, I realised I had been duped. I spent a lot of time crying and seeking help, I was fortunate enough to meet this genuine retrieval agency named SPYWARE CYBER. After explaining my situation to SPYWARE CYBER, I made the decision to give them a shot. They guaranteed me that they would help me recover my money. In all candor, they did an exceptional job, and my money was all returned to my wallet account within a short period of time. I'm thankful to have found SPYWARE CYBER, because their hacking abilities are quite amazing. How do you reach them? contact them via email: Spyware(@)cybergal.com or WhatsApp: +19892640381
I had a more complicated…
I had a more complicated problem recovering my lost Bitcoin. The Cyber Genie Team stuck with me the whole time until they came up with a solution that worked and I now have my BTC back when I really thought it would be lost forever! This team has the ability to crack passwords and they are completely trustworthy in handing back your funds once they have recovered your BTC from any fake and shady Crypto miners and brokers online parading the internet with sweet and juicy profits if they help you trade. No one has anything to worry about dealing with them because there is Nothing to lose, ONLY TO GAIN, Contact them for assistance:
[ [email protected] ]
[ [email protected] ]
I had a more complicated…
I had a more complicated problem recovering my lost Bitcoin. The Cyber Genie Team stuck with me the whole time until they came up with a solution that worked and I now have my BTC back when I really thought it would be lost forever! This team has the ability to crack passwords and they are completely trustworthy in handing back your funds once they have recovered your BTC from any fake and shady Crypto miners and brokers online parading the internet with sweet and juicy profits if they help you trade. No one has anything to worry about dealing with them because there is Nothing to lose, ONLY TO GAIN, Contact them for assistance:
[ [email protected] ]
[ [email protected] ]
I had a more complicated…
I had a more complicated problem recovering my lost Bitcoin. The Cyber Genie Team stuck with me the whole time until they came up with a solution that worked and I now have my BTC back when I really thought it would be lost forever! This team has the ability to crack passwords and they are completely trustworthy in handing back your funds once they have recovered your BTC from any fake and shady Crypto miners and brokers online parading the internet with sweet and juicy profits if they help you trade. No one has anything to worry about dealing with them because there is Nothing to lose, ONLY TO GAIN, Contact them for assistance:
[ [email protected] ]
[ [email protected] ]
I hired two different…
I hired two different hackers to help me get my boyfriend's phone to help me access his WhatsApp chat, but these two different hackers defrauded me. I had to contact Wizard Web Recovery after reading so much about them on Google, and they got back to me. Please don't fall victim to impostors who claim to be good hackers. Wizard web recovery started the job after a brief illustration and finished it in 4 hours. I'm so appreciative of Wizard Web Recovery's assistance. email them at: [email protected], WhatApps contact: +1 (917) 725-3296
I have learned my lesson the…
I have learned my lesson the hard way to never trust any person pretending to be an agent or account manager, I trusted someone with my money and I was conned of $117,000 in Bitcoins after they refused to let me withdraw from my account and insist I pay more money to their fraudulent platform. I was lucky to get the attention of my colleague at work who told me about Cyberwall fire, a reputable company that has helped many people recover their money in the past. I contacted them and in a space of 48 hours, they helped me recover my money.
Thank you so much Cyberwall fire, I’m going to continue spreading your information as I know they are a lot of people who are being held hostage by these swindlers and who have lost money to them. This is their contact information.
Cyberwallfire@techie(.)com
CRYPTOCURRENCY SCAM / FRAUD…
CRYPTOCURRENCY SCAM / FRAUD TRACING & RECOVERY:
I had 6.02 BTC in one of my Bitcoin wallets that I thought was lost for good. I’d sent my laptop to a variety of top data recovery firms, but with no luck. After seeing a positive comment about Ultimate Hacker Jerry on “Morning Gossips ”, I decided to try to recover my wallet one last time.
Ultimate Hacker Jerry was very responsive, and he recovered my wallet in just a few hours. Ultimate Hacker Jerry acted honorably and in accordance with our agreement.
I would highly recommend using Ultimate Hacker Jerry services. He recovers any lost Cryptocurrency no matter how you lost it . Scammed or lost password he will recover it.
€mail: (Ultimatehackerjerry@seznam. cz)
Hello everyone, I'm…
Hello everyone, I'm Christina and I want to share my story of how I lost everything in the hands of these online scammers, they swindled me off my entire savings and I lost $1.1m in bitcoin. I was depressed and I felt like ending my life until I came across an article about a very good hacker who can help me recover my money. At first, I was doubting if that can ever be possible but I provided all the details to Wardrivers Cyber service and they helped me recover my money in a matter of hours. Wardrivers cyber service can help you recover your stolen funds, bitcoins, and any money that has been stolen away from you once you contact them, they can also help you in upgrading your credit score and clearing your debt. Don't hesitate to contact them if you need any of their hacking services.
You can contact them via ([email protected]) and on Whatsapp at +1 (616) 898-7285
When hiring a hacker, one…
When hiring a hacker, one needs to be extremely careful, because there are a lot of hackers out there but only a few are professionals and also legit in their specialty.
I got to know Spyware Cyber, a professional hacker from a pop-up ad, they were advertising that he could help upgrade school scores and this got my attention because I needed my scores upgraded at that time. I had to try them out, and fortunately for me, they were very professional as nobody knew that the school admin server was bridged. Now my school grades are good and I am so glad.
He is indeed the only legit hacker I know for now, and he is very good at what he does. Contact:([email protected]) or Telephone: +1 (985) 283-5616 today, if you need to upgrade your school grades. He's highly recommended.
I write to inform the public…
I write to inform the public about how I got back my stolen BTC from Ultimate Hacker Jerry which is a registered company located in the United States. I was in distress until I was introduced to him by a co-worker who persuaded me to contact him, of which I did and recovered almost all the amount I lost in the process of trying to invest my money into BTC. I was seeking appreciation for his generosity so I decided to inform the public of how good he rendered his services. Therefore, with all assurance I urge you to contact him directly with the below info to ease and recover your stolen money / BTC.
Interested Persons should contact him via E-mail
Email: [email protected]
WhatsApp: +15203290320
Thank you,
Sarah barry
I am Michael Tracey from …
I am Michael Tracey from Nottingham ,United Kingdom, Before I was scammed, I thought those who fell for them were fools, but when I lost USD 244,000.00 in a binary investment trading scam, I didn't even know it had happened until a week later. The site and services I used seemed so genuine, and everything felt legit, but when they stopped answering my emails and messages, that's when I knew something was up. I was going to accept defeat because I don't know what to do or how to go about it. until I discussed it with a friend of mine who advised me to contact Wizard Web Recovery ([email protected]) to help me get my invested funds back. which I did, they were incredibly helpful and worked hard to get all my money back. I'd highly recommend them to anyone who has been swindled of their currency. They are professional hackers who deal with everything about hacking. WhatsApp +1 (917) 725-329. Let them know I recommend you
Greetings to you all out…
Greetings to you all out there. I was scammed by a fake online crypto investor, I got a message from a trader on my Facebook who told me about how high their profit was after investing with them, I decided to invest in the online trade because I wanted to make more profit to set up a business because my job wasn't enough to take care of myself and my family, invested $35,000.00 worth of bitcoin. I was promised that I will be able to withdraw my profit after one week of investment. when it was time for me to withdraw the profit. I tried to make a withdrawal and it failed. I informed the trader about it and he asked me to pay more money as the withdrawal charges. was a bit strange to me. I wasn't informed earlier that I have to pay extra money to be able to withdraw my winning profit. I did as he instructed and made another deposit of $5,000.00, thinking I will be able to finally withdraw my profit. but he kept asking for more money until I realized that I was being scammed. I couldn't let go because I invested all the money that I was saving to set up a new business. I was confused and lost for days because the world was against me. I had to do research to see if there is anything I can do to recover my money back and I came across the comment about WIZARD WEB RECOVERY after so many searches. I read several good reviews about them from various scam victims and how WIZARD WEB RECOVERY helped them in recovering their stolen crypto. I decided to contact them for help. I was opportune to get my money back from the scam brokers through the help of the WIZARD WEB RECOVERY, Are you a victim of any kind of scam? WIZARD WEB RECOVERY is capable of helping you get back whatever you may have lost to internet Scammers. Reach them with their email address at: [email protected] or WhatsApp Number: +1 (917) 725-329
Hello ladies and Gentlemen,…
Hello ladies and Gentlemen, I am Gregg Helen from Chicago, Illinois, I want to share my experience with internet scammers. I lost about USD 85,544.00 to a fake crypto investment scam. They posed as an investment company that could deliver a certain percentage in returns if you deposit your Bitcoin with them. At first, it seemed real, it worked twice. I didn't realize they set up a bot (robot) that will completely shut down your account after you have decided to invest a higher amount. So I couldn't access my crypto account anymore. I contacted customer service and they told me about an unending website upgrade. To cut the long story short, it was a scam and I was able to do research and saw a comment about a similar experience with a bitcoin scam, and how WIZARD WEB RECOVERY help a victim recover back her stolen crypto within 12 hours, I decided to contact them because I was desperately in need of help to get back my life savings. They asked me some questions regarding the investment. I told them and they asked for my bitcoin wallet address, which I provided for them. To my greatest surprise, they helped me recover my invested crypto back. have you been scammed of your Crypto or Bitcoin? Do you need a reliable hacker to help you with anything related to hacking? Contact them via email at [email protected] or [email protected], WhatsApp Number: +1 (917) 725-3296, WIZARD WEB RECOVERY are trustworthy and they are always ready to help you out
My Name's are Jolly F…
My Name's are Jolly F Frederic from Ottawa, Canada. I'm happy to come across this site on the internet whereby i can actually give my opinion and also use this medium to appreciate Wizard Harry for his generosity to me and my family, Wizardharry(@)programmer(.)net really came through for me, he got all our scammed funds recovered back to our trading wallet and it all happened under 72 hours exactly as he said, he got integrity and works with time, before i got referred to wizard Harry i have tried four different hacker's and they all scammed me, only wizard Harry came through and my advice to anyone who needs a hacker service is to contact Wizard Harry by WhatsA- pp (+1) 807- 808) 6168
I have been taking my father…
I have been taking my father here since a few months after they opened and Its always a good experience it can be a bit hard to find exactly what you want online but they always have sales of 1/8th for $25-45 I do wish they didn't even sell the trim/shake but someones buying it and it's like $12. I have looked all over southern MD and DC and these quality sales can't beat you can spend $60 an 8th and get 30%+ of exactly what you want but I prefer checking daily sales and getting "grape-like Ricky" at 25% for $25 an 8th or something similar. So if you are cheap like me or you are a patient like my pops who smokes like a chimney this is the place to go!quickweedstore
I have been taking my father…
I have been taking my father here since a few months after they opened and Its always a good experience it can be a bit hard to find exactly what you want online but they always have sales of 1/8th for $25-45 I do wish they didn't even sell the trim/shake but someones buying it and it's like $12. I have looked all over southern MD and DC and these quality sales can't beat you can spend $60 an 8th and get 30%+ of exactly what you want but I prefer checking daily sales and getting "grape-like Ricky" at 25% for $25 an 8th or something similar. So if you are cheap like me or you are a patient like my pops who smokes like a chimney this is the place to go!quickweedstore
We are committed to…
We are committed to providing our clients with exceptional solutions while offering web design and development services, graphic design services, organic SEO services, social media services, digital marketing services, server management services and Graphic Design Company in USA.
Please read carefully and…
Please read carefully and learn a lesson from Austin Huston who was scammed by online trading broker platform while trying to invest, it's not bad to invest but a lot of jobless people has spread themselves all over the internet with fake identity and if you fall into there victim they will never send you back your capital. please don't fail to seek for help through [email protected]. or WhatsApp him on +1 807 808 6168. Austin Huston scammed funds were recovered with the help of Wizard Harry and for over the period of 3 years it is highly recommend that Wizard Harry is the only genuine hacker who recover funds online.